Jurnal VORTEKS

The Effect of fuel mixture composition on gasoline engine emissions in urban conditions

Wed, 30 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The increasing number of motorized vehicles in urban areas significantly impacts air quality and public health. Gasoline engine emissions, including CO, HC, and NOx, contribute to pollution issues such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Understanding these factors is crucial for developing effective emission control strategies. This study investigates the effect of ethanol-blended gasoline on vehicular emissions, focusing on CO, HC, and NOx. The research aims to optimize fuel mixtures to reduce harmful emissions while considering environmental and health impacts. The study uses a quantitative experimental design, combining laboratory tests with field trials on 10 vehicles under controlled conditions. Results show that ethanol-blended fuels significantly reduced CO emissions, from 2.4 g/km (E0) to 1.5 g/km (E30). A moderate reduction was observed in HC emissions, from 0.55 g/km (E0) to 0.40 g/km (E30). A slight decrease in NOx emissions was noted. Ethanol's oxygen content improves combustion efficiency, reducing CO and HC emissions, but may slightly increase NOx due to combustion temperature changes. This study highlights the potential of ethanol as an environmentally friendly fuel alternative, with further research needed to address NOx-related challenges

Soil investigation dutch penetration test implementation of North Sumatra Polda Flat Houses

Wed, 30 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0700

From the results of drilling tests with machine drills, standard penetration tests (SPT), and DCPT or sondir tests, several conclusions can be taken as follows: 1). The results of boring tests show that the soil layer has medium soil consistency at a depth of 0 - 9.85 meters with NSPT value 10 – 30. 2). The soil layer consists of sandy clay, fine sand pumice stone, and fine sand. 3). Test results for the depth of solid soil at a depth of 18.6 – 19.00 meters. 4. The cone tip resistance at point S-01 is 200 kg/cm2 and S-02 is 173 kg/cm2 5). Calculation of the vertical Bearing Capacity (Qi) of the pile foundation from SPT data using a safety factor for tip penetration resistance = 3, for sticky resistance used = 5. 6). For large construction loads using deep foundations, it is necessary to check to a depth of > 10 meters or attain NSPT 60 in a row 3 times

Application of Min-Max Stock Method in the optimization of auxiliary raw material inventory in the biodiesel industry

Indrian Saputra Amta, Masdania Zurairah Siregar, Muhammad Fiza Lubis — Wed, 30 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Inventory is an aspect of manufacturing operations to ensure the availability of raw materials while minimizing costs. PT. Permata Hijau Palm Oleo Belawan, a biodiesel company, faces challenges in balancing the inventory levels of key auxiliary raw materials such as Methanol, Catalyst, NaOH, Inventory is an aspect of manufacturing operations to ensure the availability of raw materials while minimizing costs. PT. Permata Hijau Palm Oleo Belawan, a biodiesel company, faces challenges in balancing the inventory levels of key auxiliary raw materials such as Methanol, Catalyst, NaOH, and HCl. Excessive inventory results in high storage costs, while inventory shortages can disrupt production continuity. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Min-Max Stock method in optimizing auxiliary raw material inventory at PT. Permata Hijau Palm Oleo Belawan, addressing its practical impacts on cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the palm oil-based biofuel industry. This study uses a quantitative approach, utilizing historical data on the purchase and usage of raw materials during the 2019-2020 period. The Min-Max Stock method is applied to determine the optimal inventory level, comparing the actual inventory level with the calculated minimum and maximum thresholds. The implementation of the Min-Max Stock method can save storage costs of around IDR 35 billion. The implementation of the Min-Max Stock method offers a solution that increases efficiency, reduces costs, and prevents production disruptionsand HCl. Excessive inventory results in high storage costs, while inventory shortages can disrupt production continuity. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Min-Max Stock method in optimizing auxiliary raw material inventory at PT. Permata Hijau Palm Oleo Belawan, addressing its practical impacts on cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the palm oil-based biofuel industry. This study uses a quantitative approach, utilizing historical data on the purchase and usage of raw materials during the 2019-2020 period. The Min-Max Stock method is applied to determine the optimal inventory level, comparing the actual inventory level with the calculated minimum and maximum thresholds. The implementation of the Min-Max Stock method can save storage costs of around IDR 35 billion. The implementation of the Min-Max Stock method offers a solution that increases efficiency, reduces costs, and prevents production disruptions